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Serial Dilution Technique

General laboratory procedure for producing sequential dilutions using a defined dilution factor.

Last verified 1 month ago 2 min read Microbiology Laboratory Techniques #microbiology #dilution #serial-dilution
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Document Control
Version
1.0
Effective
Aug 31, 2026
Reviewed
Aug 28, 2026
Department
Microbiology
Principle

Each dilution is prepared by transferring a defined portion of material into a defined volume of diluent, producing a predictable sequential reduction in concentration.

Purpose

To prepare validated serial dilutions for microbiological procedures such as enumeration, quantitative testing or assay preparation.

Scope

This procedure applies to trained microbiology laboratory personnel working within an approved quality-management and biosafety system.

Principle

Each dilution is prepared by transferring a defined portion of material into a defined volume of diluent, producing a predictable sequential reduction in concentration.

Specimen / Test Material

Appropriate specimen suspension, culture suspension or other material approved for the intended test.

Equipment and Materials

  • Sterile or validated diluent
  • Correctly labelled tubes or containers
  • Calibrated pipettes or dispensing devices
  • Vortex mixer where appropriate
  • Personal protective equipment

Procedure

  1. Label dilution containers in sequence.
  2. Add the required validated volume of diluent.
  3. Mix the starting material as required.
  4. Transfer the validated aliquot to the first dilution.
  5. Mix appropriately.
  6. Continue sequential transfers using clean technique.
  7. Process the required dilution(s) according to the intended test.

Quality Control and Quality Assurance

  • Verify pipette performance.
  • Use correct dilution calculations and labelling.
  • Include contamination controls where required.

Reporting

Report dilution factors and results using the approved calculation and reporting method.

Safety

Use risk-based biosafety practices, appropriate personal protective equipment and approved decontamination and waste-disposal procedures. Treat clinical specimens and cultures according to the laboratory's biological risk assessment.

References

  • World Health Organization (WHO): Toolkit for Standard Operating Procedures for Bacteriology, Mycology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.
  • WHO: Laboratory Biosafety Manual, 4th edition.
  • WHO guidance on collection, packaging and transport of infectious substances.
  • EUCAST methodology and quality-control guidance for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, where applicable.
  • Current locally approved laboratory procedures and validated manufacturer instructions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Adequate mixing supports uniform distribution before the next transfer.
Incorrect labelling, transfer volumes or dilution calculations can invalidate results.