Standard Operating Procedures
Laboratory SOPs
Standard operating procedures for laboratory professionals, from specimen collection to instrument quality control.
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Serial Dilution Technique
General laboratory procedure for producing sequential dilutions using a defined dilution factor.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
Procedure for determining the lowest validated antimicrobial concentration that inhibits visible growth under specified test conditions.
Broth Dilution Method
Antimicrobial susceptibility method based on exposing a standardized inoculum to defined concentrations of antimicrobial agents in broth.
Albert Staining
Special staining procedure used in validated workflows to demonstrate characteristic metachromatic granules and morphology.
Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Staining
Modified acid-fast staining procedure used in validated workflows for selected weakly acid-fast organisms or structures.
Specimen Collection and Transport for Microbiology
Standardized guidance for collecting, labelling, packaging and transporting microbiology specimens while preserving specimen quality and maintaining biosafety.
Clotting Time
A basic manual screening procedure for observing the time required for whole blood to clot under standardized conditions.
Bleeding Time
A historical primary haemostasis screening procedure that measures the time required for bleeding to stop after a standardized skin injury.
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
A laboratory procedure for separating haemoglobin fractions using a validated electrophoretic method.
Sickling Solubility Test
A screening procedure based on the reduced solubility of haemoglobin S under defined test conditions.
Kidney Function Tests (KFTs) Panel
SOP for the renal panel: urea/BUN, creatinine, eGFR, and core electrolytes, with AKI and CKD decision limits and per-analyte procedures.
Fasting Lipid Profile
SOP for the lipid panel: total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, direct or calculated LDL, VLDL, and non-HDL cholesterol, with per-analyte procedures.
Serum Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl)
SOP for measuring sodium, potassium, and chloride using Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISE), with per-analyte procedures.
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) Panel
SOP for the full hepatic panel: ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total and direct bilirubin, total protein, and albumin, with per-analyte procedures.
Specimen Collection Quality and Rejection Criteria
SOP defining unacceptable specimens, rejection decision rules, and the recollection-request workflow.
Venipuncture and Phlebotomy Procedure
SOP for routine antecubital venipuncture including patient identification, order of draw, tube selection, and sharps safety.
Syphilis Serology (VDRL / RPR)
SOP for nontreponemal (VDRL/RPR) syphilis screening and titering with treponemal confirmation guidance.
Widal Test (Febrile Agglutination)
SOP for the Widal tube agglutination test for Salmonella Typhi and paratyphi antibodies in suspected enteric fever.
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Testing
SOP for rheumatoid factor detection and quantitation by latex agglutination or nephelometry for rheumatoid arthritis serology.
Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) Testing
SOP for ASO titer by latex agglutination for evidence of recent group A streptococcal infection and post-streptococcal sequelae.
PT/APTT Mixing (Correction) Study
SOP for the 1:1 plasma mixing study to distinguish factor deficiency from circulating inhibitor in prolonged PT or APTT.
Thrombin Time Testing
SOP for the thrombin time to detect hypofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, DIC, and heparin contamination.
Fibrinogen Testing (Clauss Method)
SOP for functional fibrinogen by the Clauss method for DIC, dysfibrinogenemia, and hemorrhagic risk assessment.
Hemoglobin Estimation (Cyanmethemoglobin / Sahli) Procedure
SOP for hemoglobin determination by the cyanmethemoglobin reference method and the Sahli/acid-hematin field method.